Pan speed
Simulator
Blur from a wide shutter hides judder by filling the gap between frames. It does not remove the jump, it softens the edges that reveal it.
Why a pan strobes
A pan asks the audience to follow something that is actually jumping sideways in steps, one per frame. Below a certain step size the eye joins the steps into movement. Above it, the eye sees the steps, and a smooth move turns into a stutter.
The seven-second guideline
A long-standing rule of thumb: at 24 fps, a pan should take at least about seven seconds to travel one frame width. Faster than that and hard vertical edges begin to strobe. It is a starting point, not a law.
It is about the frame, not the degrees
Degrees per second means nothing on its own. A 24 mm lens sees about 74° across, a 200 mm lens about 10°, so the same physical pan crosses a long lens's frame seven times faster and strobes long before the wide one does.
What makes it visible
Hard vertical edges with strong contrast: railings, fence posts, window frames, tree trunks against a bright sky. A soft, low-contrast subject can be panned much faster without anyone noticing.
Frame rate buys headroom
Doubling the frame rate halves the jump between frames, so 48 or 60 fps tolerates roughly twice the pan speed. This is a large part of why high frame rate presentation looks so different on fast moves.
Shutter angle is a cover, not a cure
A 360° shutter blurs each frame across the full gap, so the steps overlap and the strobing softens. You pay in sharpness on everything else in the frame, and the jump is still there underneath.
The whip pan exception
Past roughly 40° a second the picture is so blurred that nobody is reading detail anyway, and the move reads as a deliberate whip. The unusable range is the middle: too fast to be smooth, too slow to be a gesture.